percentile

percentile(a, q, axis=None, *, validate=True)

Return linear-interpolation percentiles with NaN propagation.

Parameters

a : array_like

Input data. Supported numeric inputs are normalized to a contiguous kernel array when validate=True. Computed reducers promote integer and bool inputs to float64; exact selection reducers keep integer and bool dtypes where the selected value can be returned exactly. Complex and object arrays are not supported.

q : scalar or array_like

Percentile or percentiles in [0, 100]. A scalar q returns a scalar for axis=None or one output array for axis reductions. Multiple q values are returned on a leading output axis.

axis : None, 0, -1, or int = None

Axis to reduce. None reduces the whole array. 0 reduces strided reducing-axis slices into the remaining shape. -1 and ndim - 1 reduce contiguous slices. Other axes raise NotImplementedError.

validate : bool = True

If True, check dtype, dimensionality, contiguity, and axis validity before entering the Rust kernel. If False, the caller must provide a contiguous supported kernel dtype (float32, float64, bool, or a NumPy integer dtype). validate=False skips dtype promotion: integer and bool arrays are reduced directly, while complex and object arrays remain unsupported.

Returns

out : float or ndarray

Interpolated percentile result. Multiple q values are returned on a leading axis, matching NumPy’s output layout.

Notes

Plain reducers include every value, so NaN and inf propagate with IEEE / NumPy-like semantics. This is the fastest path for known-clean finite data.